Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic within the European Union, located in Southern Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps.

A PhD is a highly advanced degree that helps graduates become experts within a field. Earning this degree may help students be better qualified for their chosen careers as well as any other professional pursuits they may have.

Online or distance learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. With online learning, one can access education at any time and from any location with an available internet connection.